Tempur-pedic offers a variety of mattresses from firm to plush that use varying degrees of Tempur material along with higher density foams. The main difference between Tempur and other types of memory foams that have been developed by competing foam manufacturers and mattress makers is the blend of substances in the memory foam.

Pros: Tempur material is the 'original' memory foam and has been refined by Tempur-pedic's scientists over the years specifically for mattresses whereas other types of memory foam may not have been as well developed. Cons: Like other memory foams, Tempur material is a polyurethane foam blend and prone to claims of off-gassing.

This site's sole purpose is to help you make the decision faster and with more peace of mind. We sincerely hope that whatever your interaction with this site, that it is helpful and timely for you, and that the product information here guides you to the best outcome for your daily life. May all benefit! The reviews here are aggregated from other sources across the Internet and although we have tried only to find trustworthy reviews, the content and scores here may be subject to manipulation by agents acting on behalf of manufacturers and marketers.

They can offer products at this price because they are probably offering low quality cheaper Memory Foams some of which may be imported from outside the UK. You then have everything in between. Though we do appreciate that everyone is at a different price point. If you google Tempur mattress reviews you quickly find that people either love them or hate them. Most of the complaints are heat retention. This is true of all viscoelastic foams. They will all retain heat. We recommend looking at a Natural Fibre mattress instead which are far cooler and breathable than synthetic foams.

As they sink into the foam which holds them when they come to move some people struggle. As the foam is slow to react it can make turning during the night really difficult and frustrating for many. We know all of this Tempur mattress information can be overwhelming. However, it really is in your best interests to understand potential mattress purchases before spending your hard-earned cash on a new bed. Do you need more help to work out whether a Tempur mattress or memory foam model is the best one for you?

We have our handy beginner guide on all you need to know before buying a mattress. Ryan explains in detail just what you need to look out for to get the very best mattress for your budget. Tempur is a really successful brand of Tempurpedic mattress. Every mattress brand tries to have its own unique selling point using a barrage of luxury, sumptuous and qualitative descriptions, but bear in mind what you want to know are the hard cold facts which you can then compare them by.

The only sensible way to compare Memory Foams is via datasheets for each of the foams you want to compare. We can help guide you to find the most suitable mattress. We are the mattress experts! Ask us anything about any mattress by any manufacturer for honest advice and support.

There are over questions and answers submitted by you on all questions about mattresses and bed problems. Enter a keyword such as Vi Spring , John Lewis beds , bad back or Memory Foam and see if your question has already been answered. You can filter popular questions by the categories below.

We aim to respond to all questions within one working day. We have all our mattresses built to our precise specifications and therefore we can personally guarantee each model for a period of time. Each model carries the guarantee timescale at the bottom of the individual listing. Call us today for free advice on or email us at [email protected]. Give us a call on or email [email protected] Mon — Fri 8. Who will be sleeping on the new mattress?

The major difference between other memory foams and Tempur-Pedic foams is the utilization of new foam construction techniques. Visco memory foam, the open celled foam that Tempur-Pedic uses, is a popular choice with other brands, but companies have recently been patenting their own techniques. Some of these other choices include more environmentally friendly designs that use eco-friendly materials and construction. Plant based foams are a popular organic choice, and specialized blends, including gel-infused memory foams, create varied sleep comforts.

There is much research surrounding what is best for your body over time, and plush to firm choices are more readily available due to this. Another factor to consider is that most companies are not as large as a company such as Tempur-Pedic, so they are unable to offer a large a range of comfort, and instead specialize in certain choices to help keep their products more affordable. Factory to door delivery cuts out a lot of out of pocket overhead the company experiences, but this practice can also reflect a lower quality, and less durable mattress as well.

Most companies are very transparent in their material use and foam density, but understanding this in advance of making a choice is a responsibility you, as the consumer, should practice. Plus reading up on reviews can help you narrow down your choices. The great thing about the many companies offering you choices is that finding consumer feedback is easier than ever. Since many companies offer front door delivery, and have taken out any sort of showroom shopping, they depend entirely upon word of mouth to get their products out there.

Quality is also a major concern if you are unaware of how density is tied to quality. As described above the higher the density the higher the quality, so making sure you uncover how the mattress layers are utilized and which densities are used is important. Intended to absorb pressure, our mattress materials help stop tossing and turning and the motion transfer caused by restless nights. In the s, NASA scientists started developing a new material to absorb the G-force of astronauts traveling into space, and later our scientists perfected it for sleep.

Some memory foam sinks where your weight rests, making it difficult to turn over — and causing you to feel trapped in your mattress. Plus, certain commodity memory foams will harden uncomfortably in cooler temperatures, making it a challenge to get the rejuvenating rest you need. With TEMPUR Material, the heat your body creates as you sleep softens and reshapes the mattress to fit you perfectly, night after night.

Sleeping on a memory foam mattress can often mean sleeping hot.

Before PostgreSQL version 11, stored procedures were effectively functions that didn't return data. But now there is a way to explicitly declare stored procedures, which also has the advantage of being able to open a new transaction, and they are now called differently too.

Before version 11, to declare a stored procedure we would just use a function with a return type of void, because we aren't looking to get any data back:. This stored procedure does not return any result, although will show any errors that occurred during its invocation.

From these examples, you can see that you can use functions to update and retrieve data, or to just perform a procedure, but now we also have procedures, which are designed specifically with performing a set of actions in mind. Functions come in even more flavors though. We have the regular kind, which are used in queries, but we also have some additional ones, which we'll get to shortly. Function parameters can be referenced using either positional references or named references.

For named references, you can just use the name of the parameter. You can also call the function and specifically set the parameters in whichever order you like using named notation:. This means we could use named notation, not specifying the "active" parameter, and it would automatically set that value to "true. There is also the OUT parameter, which is a way to produce an output that returns those fields in the result.

And INOUT, which we use to define a parameter that accepts input, but will also be included in the output. Stored Procedures can also improve performance. Many tasks are implemented as a series of SQL statements. Conditional logic applied to the results of the first SQL statements determine which subsequent SQL statements are executed. If these SQL statements and conditional logic are written into a Stored Procedure, they become part of a single execution plan on the server.

The results do not need to be returned to the client to have the conditional logic applied; all of the work is done on the server. This results in tremendous performance boosts when Stored Procedures are called repeatedly.

Efficient reuse of code and programming abstraction Stored Procedures can be used by multiple users and client programs. If you utilize them in a planned manner then you'll find the development cycle requires less time. Enhanced security controls You can grant users permission to execute a Stored Procedure independently of underlying table permissions. User Defined Functions Like functions in programming languages, SQL Server User Defined Functions are routines that accept parameters, perform an action such as a complex calculation, and returns the result of that action as a value.

The return value can either be a single scalar value or a result set. Functions in programming languages are subroutines used to encapsulate frequently performed logic. For more about functions, please refer to the article Different types of Functions. Even a procedure can return zero or n values. Functions can have only input parameters for it whereas Procedures can have input or output parameters. Functions can be called from Procedure whereas Procedures cannot be called from a Function.

Functions that return tables can be treated as another rowset. This can be used in JOINs with other tables. An exception can be handled by try-catch block in a Procedure whereas try-catch block cannot be used in a Function. We can use Transactions in Procedure whereas we can't use Transactions in Function.

Summary In this article, you learn the difference between Stored Procedure and Function. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

What does it mean if someone says that views create a virtual table, while procedures create a materials table? A view represents a virtual table. You can join multiple tables in a view and use the view to present the data as if the data were coming from a single table.

A stored procedure uses parameters to do a function Creating Views and Stored Procedures - has some information from Microsoft as to when and why to use each. Plenty of info available here. First you need to understand, that both are different things. You should use both of them. In views you cannot alter the data. A view references one or more existing database tables or other views. It is the snap shot of the database whereas a stored procedure is a group of Transact-SQL statements compiled into a single execution plan.

View is simple showcasing data stored in the database tables whereas a stored procedure is a group of statements that can be executed. A view is faster as it displays data from the tables referenced whereas a store procedure executes sql statements. Check this article : View vs Stored Procedures.

Exactly what you are looking for. A store procedure is used when simple SQL just isn't enough. Store procedures contain variables, loops and calls to other stored procedures. It's a programming language, not a query language. Views are static. Think of them as new tables with a certain layout and the data in them is created on the fly using the query you created it with.

The depends on the database. Simple views just run the query and filter the result. But databases like Oracle allow to create a "materialized" view which is basically a table which is updated automatically when the underlying data of the view changes.

A materialized view allows you to create indexes on the columns of the view especially on the computed columns which don't exist anywhere in the database.

Mahesh is not quite correct when he suggests that you can't alter the data in a view. So with patrick's view.

Sign in with Facebook. Sign in with Twitter. Sign in with Google. Start new topic. Recommended Posts. Posted March 16, Link to post Share on other sites. Bostonsfavson 0 Posted March 16, VMax 2 Posted March 16, Archived This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies. Go to topic listing. Recently Browsing 0 members No registered users viewing this page.

Newest Member Monica Moreland Joined 6 minutes ago. Popular Forum Topics. Oil pressure drop after oil change. Week Month Year All Time. Grumpy Bear MikeBMW Alan Bowman If you find the half ton lacking in power or towing capacity, the is for you.

Consider your needs carefully though as the trade-off for all that power is fuel economy. Overview: The HD is built to accommodate larger workloads and rougher conditions, perfect for farm work or off road conditions.

One Ton Truck. The Chevrolet 1 ton truck, Silverado HD, is all about payload and towing. This is the class of truck you will want to be looking at when hauling and heavy towing.

When this is the number one priority and is meant to be used as a daily work truck, the is for you. This truck is heavier and will have a more robust suspension to keep it up. These trucks are second to none for generating the torque required to tow the heaviest of loads. When deciding between a three quarter ton and one ton, you need to look at your average daily towing and hauling needs. Overview: Silverado HD is the highest end of work truck available of the road today.

It is built for heavy hauling and large workloads. For More Info. While the Chevy Silverado , and are all technically the same model, the weight class they are in makes all the difference. The biggest differences lie in the four-wheel-drive components and associated suspension package. GM didn't use the "C" as the "conventional" designation for the earliest of their two-wheel drive pickups, as it just stands for two-wheel drive.

Chevrolet prefaced the truck's numerical rating with a "K" to signify four-wheel drive models. The and series pickups got coil springs all around, and series trucks got leaf springs in the rear.

Aside from the transfer case and front axle, C- and K-series trucks were practically identical. Chevrolet's cubic-inch big-block was an option on all but the K-series trucks. All C- and K-series trucks got a new high-strength frame, upgraded Hydro-Boost brakes and a choice of six- or eight-cylinder engines.

The spectre of these reforms to the RTA really underlines the importance of building a process designed to protect against unwanted risks by vetting potential insureds and policies at the frontend and then by validating claims at the backend of any claims process. It also heavily emphasises the critical need, again, for insurers to cancel policies expeditiously and on the Motor Insurers Database — or to increase premiums - when something goes awry or they get some indication that a policyholder has undersold the risk in some way at inception.

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Recusar Aceitar. Find out more about cookies and how we use cookies via our Privacy notice. Facet Name Our people. Jo Briggs. Partner - London. United Kingdom. If challenged, is it likely that Section Road Traffic Act would also be deemed incompatible. It is therefore unsurprising that the Road Traffic Act is being amended, irrespective of the position with Brexit. Insurers should note that any Section proceedings will not just need to be issued before 1 November , but the declaration sought must actually be obtained before 1 November It is therefore vital that grounds for policy voidance on the basis of misrepresentation are quickly established and that declaration proceedings are sent to the Court for issue as soon as practicably possible.

Our motor team deal with a number of motor claims on a regular basis. Occupiers' liability. Product liability. Psychiatric and occupational stress. Public authorities and the state. Road traffic accidents. Sports injuries. Trips and slips. Sign-in Help. The claim made is not against the insurer of the vehicle the claimant was a passenger in but against another vehicle of which the insurers have Article 75 status.

Access this content for free with a trial of LexisPSL and benefit from: Instant clarification on points of law Smart search Workflow tools 36 practice areas.

Back Step 1 of 2 Basic information. Step 1 Step 2 Name. Miss Mrs. Name Click to edit. Name No Content These fields are required.

Email Email id Click to edit. Email No Content This field is required. Job role Click to edit. Job role No Content This field is required. Job title. Usually, the insurer's position will then revert to that of Article 75 insurer in accordance with the agreements with the Motor Insurers' Bureau 'MIB'. Article 75 status carries with it various possible advantages.

The insurer will stand in the position of the MIB meaning reliance can be placed on the provisions of Article 75 and the Uninsured Drivers' Agreement to potentially limit the insurer's exposure. The most likely advantage has always been where there is another insurer or insurer with a higher or equal status which may be left dealing with the claim or at least sharing responsibility.

Under the proposals which are to be enacted under powers conferred to the DfT by the European Communities Act , insurers will not be able to avoid Road Traffic Act liability where a post incident declaration is obtained after 1 st November The new law applies to declarations obtained rather than just issued after 1 st November and insurers will want to take stock of policies which have been avoided and where declarations are in progress or anticipated and expedite the court process.

The Road Traffic Act will still provide for a pre-incident declaration of avoidance to take effect, though in practice, cancellation of the policy may well prove a more effective and efficient option in limiting future risks to insurers.

Following the Deregulation Act the option to cancel, as opposed to avoid, had already gained many advantages. Cancellation, if properly invoked, will allow an insurer to avoid Road Traffic Act liability for the remainder of the term and removal from the Motor Insurance Database will remove all liability from the point of removal.

With the proposed amendments to the Road Traffic Act, insurers will not be able to achieve Article 75 status for pre-declaration incidents and the existing advantage to avoidance will therefore be lost.

It is divided into two kinds of introductions, namely: Famous letters-functions that are often. The user calls it a subroutine. Generally speaking: The. Examples of common Oracle database functions Basic Introduction and practice of Oracle databases 1.

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SQL Server translates the first character, then the second, then the third, and so on. Similar to the previous example, you can also get different results when the first argument contains the characters in the second argument, but they are non-contiguous:. You may also get different results between each function whenever there are discrepancies in the number of characters in the various arguments.

The Police is a Wingmaster with a dull finish and is a much more carefully inspected and built gun. The new "Tactical" and Marine Magnum guns are based on the Express. How Remington lowered the Express price was to reduce hand labor to a bare minimum, and to eliminate much of the polishing and de-burring the better quality Wingmaster and Police guns get.

The Express is basically the same forged and milled steel receiver and heavy-duty internals gun the better 's are, just in a rougher, less well finished form with plastic and MIM parts. The Express Model has: A plastic trigger group. A rougher finish inside and outside, with machine marks and some burrs left.

A rougher, bead blasted blue job. A less polished bore. A two piece sleeved barrel. The Defense version has 18", Cylinder bore barrel, with a bead sight. The Marine Magnum and Tactical models have plated or polymer finishes.

The Wingmaster has: An aluminum trigger group. The old style magazine retention system. A much smoother finish inside and out, no machine marks or burrs. The Wingmaster gun receives a higher level of inspection and finishing.

A fine, commercial polished blue finish. A polished bore. A chrome plated bolt. A one piece barrel. Walnut stocks with the famous "Bowling Pin" finish in gloss or satin. Wide choices in barrel lengths and choke options. No use of MIM parts, the extractor is milled. The Wingmaster is the full top-of-the-line commercial Remington pump gun, and is priced accordingly. The Police has: An aluminum trigger group. A military-grade parkerized finish. Walnut or synthetic stock, with a short police-length fore end.

Choices in different stocks, including Speed-feed, and others. Police options like magazine extenders, forearms with built-in lights, and sling swivels. To sum up these weapons, the Remington Express is an affordable shotgun, the Remington Wingmaster is a great sporting gun for hunting, and the Remington Police is perfect for self-defense purposes.

No matter which one you choose, you are guaranteed to have a high-quality shotgun. On a side note, here are some extra things you need to watch out for when using these weapons. Perhaps this information will help you decide which weapon you want to use.

There are rumors that Express, for example, is not as well de-burred on the outside or inside. If you were to run your fingers through its interior, you could find sharp edges sometimes. The Police and Wingmaster, however, have smooth burrs because they are processed through a vibratory deburring tank. That is why more machine marks can be found on the Express shotgun and why it is a little bit rougher on the inside.

On the upside, the Express should eventually get smoother as you continue to use it regularly. As for the outside of the Police and Wingmaster shotguns, the polish used on them helped remove most of the machine marks before its finishing was applied.

The finish on the Express still reveals its machine marks, though. All three models have some similarities. They all contain the same receiver that was forged and milled. All their internal components are heavy-duty material to ensure their long lifespan.

This is a lifespan that lasts for about , rounds on each of the three models. But if you have a shotgun with an aluminum frame, the lifespan will likely be about 70, rounds instead. Remington Wingmaster Stock and Forend for Sale. Had already decided on Express, but after seeing the new Wingmaster — it just won me over.

So, here is my brand new at the moment fired 0 times Wingmaster 12 gauge magnum. Going to take it apart later, clean it up and then spend some time tomorrow at the range. Looks lovely and I was surprised it actually came with a Limbsaver recoil pad from factory. Also, I noticed the bolt face had some red markings on it which I cleaned up, guessing from some testing at the factory.

Model WingMaster Order No. Best Upgrades for Remington The main difference between the express and the wingmaster is the working parts. All the working parts in the wingmaster are machined, while all the working parts in the express are stamped.

The wingmaster has a much smoother action than the express because of this. Less hand labor goes into making the express since all the working parts are stamped, which is the main reason for the higher price tag of a wingmaster. Not only are the Express parts stamped, but the trigger assembly is plastic, compared to the machines steel of the Wingmaster! Big difference!!! Pretty sure thats not accurate. I know both receivers are milled.

Orher than the extractior being cast instead of milled, and perhaps more polishing on the Wingmaster, my understanding is that funtionally and in the fabricating of parts they are the same. This is completely untrue. The extractor is mim stamped but the other internals are the same. The trigger housing is metal vs. Plastic, and theres a bit less polishing done overall. Add to that the different exterior finish and you have wingmaster vs. Its dangerous to give out bad info.

MIM is metal injection molded. It is powder metal injection like plastic injection molding, except usingmetal paste, the paste is injected into a mold then processed at high temperature to burn off binders and sinter the piece. There can be variation of this process.

MIM is not stamped. Hitting the part after sintering, called forging is not the stamped process either. This article was written to help you to choose the best one which suits your needs the most. All Remington shotguns are based on one platform. Whether you buy the budget Express or the more expensive Police, they all use the same platform.

You can buy and upgrade those parts yourself if you want. One of the biggest advantages of the is its steel receiver. It is made from a solid block of steel, which is what makes the Remington so strong and reliable. This is the only shotgun in the world that is made of steel. I have put over 40, rounds into two s, and they still work perfectly. I only had small problems, such as a broken firing pin spring. Another advantage of the most popular pump-action shotgun in the world are all the aftermarket accessories and upgrades available for it.

They are available from many manufacturers, and each year, we see new ones being introduced to the market. All Remington versions are built on one platform and receiver made of a solid block of steel. This is the heart of the platform. But still, there are many small differences you need to know about. Some of them are just cosmetic, but some of them are more important. Remington Tactical with one-piece magazine tube.

There is the Tactical version with a one-piece magazine tube. This eliminates the joint between the magazine and magazine tube extension.

This was done to add more reliability to the shotgun. The joint is a weak point where the spring or follower may get stuck. This is especially true with a standard magazine follower. Aftermarket magazine followers are more reliable than the factory ones. That is why the barrel nut on some of the Tactical versions are in a different location, so you will need a spacer F for the Remington Tactical shotgun one-piece magazine tube if you want to install the barrel from one of the common versions.

Some of the more expensive versions have magazine cap detent. It prevents magazine cap or magazine extension from loosening. A magazine cap detent is available on Tactical and Police versions of the Remington It is more reliable to have magazine cap detent, especially if you shoot a lot.

It is even possible to add a magazine cap detent to your yourself. Basic Remington shotguns, which come without the magazine tube, usually have two dimples at the end of the magazine tube.

They are needed to hold the new style spring retainer in place. But they also prevent the owner from installing the magazine tube. You will need to remove the dimples before installing the magazine tube extension. Most of the versions come with a Metal Injection Molded extractor. This is the modern process of parts manufacturing, and it is suitable for many purposes. But the hardness of the non-MIM extractor is higher, which leads to a more reliable extraction of the fired shotshells.

This is especially important for reloaded or low-quality cheap ammunition. You can always replace the factory Remington extractor with a non-MIM extractor. It takes several minutes, and you are good to go. It is patented and made of a special material which reduces felt recoil. It really works and makes the life of a shotgun shooter so much easier. But you can always buy and install it later.

The sights on a Remington can be different too. Some shotguns come with simple bead sights on the end of the barrel. Other shotguns have fancy XS rear and front sights installed.

There are s with simple rifle sights installed: Deer, some of the Police versions, fully rifled barrels. Choose the one you like more. Rifle sights have an advantage; they can be easily replaced with aftermarket sights. Also, the Tactical version gives you the advantage of having the rail to mount the red dot sight.

You can find rifle sights on many s. They are easy to use, and many shooters like them because they give the shooter better accuracy. Also, factory rifle sights are easy to upgrade. You just need to push out the front sight and unscrew the rear sight. There are many versions of aftermarket rifle sights available for the Remington You will find ghost ring sights, light-gathering sights, etc. The rear sight is adjustable for windage and elevation. Zeroing is simple; you will need only basic tools for that.

Remember to use some Loctite to secure the rear sight after zeroing. Heavy shotgun recoil may loosen the screws. XS Sights is a well-known manufacturer of different sights for firearms. Remington partnered with XS Sights to offer the Tactical version with ghost ring sights.

They enable the shooter to aim fast, especially when shooting slugs. A very good addition to a tactical shotgun. Of course, you can buy them later, but they are pretty expensive and you will also need the help of a gunsmith for installation. Good old bead sight! The simplest and the cheapest front sight possible but it serves its purpose. It is installed on many versions, and it is enough for a beginner. You may replace it with a light-gathering sight later.

Bolt has special port cover:. Trigger group is a little different too:. If the stock is too long or too short, it will not be comfortable to shoot the shotgun. There are lots of other things to consider too, such as the material, pistol grip or classic stock, and recoil-reducing or regular. There are many stocks available to choose, everything from classic hardwood to recoil-reducing Knoxx stock. Two of the most popular choices are hardwood or synthetic furniture sets made by Remington.

They are simple and nice, and most of the shooters are happy with them. But if you want to replace them, then you can choose one of the many aftermarket stocks for the Remington Which factory stock is better? Hardwood or synthetic? The hardwood stock is classic and looks awesome, but it is easier to scratch or damage it.

The synthetic stock can withstand even rough handling. Also, wood stock feels warmer during cold weather. Choose the set you like more. Anyway, you can easily change them later. You can also choose the pistol grip which is available on some of the tactical versions of the Remington It makes it easier to use the shotgun for shooters who have experience with rifles.

Also, it gives you some advantages when shooting from difficult positions. The disadvantage of the pistol grip is that some of the recoil will hit your wrist.

I know how emotional that moment is when you are in a gun shop to buy the long-awaited Remington shotgun. But first, please read the following pieces of advice to make sure this purchase is pleasant and problem free. The best advice I can give you is to find somebody who is familiar with the Remington and ask them to go with you to a gun shop. That way, you can be sure that they will inspect the gun and will be able to see if something is wrong with it.

Gun enthusiasts are usually very friendly and ready to help somebody who is willing to buy a firearm. Check all metal surfaces for rust or scratches.

The Remington Express easily rusts and you must inspect the shotgun thoroughly. Disassemble the shotgun to check the internal surfaces too. Also, check the wooden or plastic parts.

Check the stock and forend for cracks and splits. This is especially important when you are buying a used shotgun. Look into the barrel to see if it has any defects. The barrel itself must be straight and without bulges or dents. And of course, it must be clean so that you can actually see if it looks good or not. Remove the barrel before looking into it, safety first!

The startling aphorism—attributed to many early church fathers, including the champion of trinitarianism, Athanasius—summed it up well: "God became man so that men might become gods. In fact, theosis enjoys the support of Scripture, as in 2 Peter "[God] has given us his very great and precious promises, so that through them you may participate in the divine nature. The legal framework for understanding the work of Christ is played down and our mystical union with God is emphasized.

But what does it mean to "become God"? First, Orthodoxy categorically repudiates any hint of pantheism; theosis does not mean the essence of our human nature is lost. Rather, theosis speaks to believers' real, genuine, and mystical union with God whereby we become more and more like Christ and move from corruption to immortality.

As we avail ourselves of God's grace and live lives of spiritual vigilance, we hope for what Maximus the Confessor described as the "glorious attainment of likeness to God, insofar as this is possible with man.

As Lossky observed, there is indeed a "dogmatic dissimilarity" between Christian thinkers in the East and West. I for one am thoroughly Protestant, but I am grateful to God for what I can learn from the Orthodox about our common pilgrimage of faith. Used by permission. All rights to this material are reserved. Materials are not to be published in other media without written permission from Baker Publishing Group. Click here for reprint information on Christian History.

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What the Orthodox Believe. Current Issue November Subscribe. Read This Issue. Subscribe to Christianity Today and get instant access to past issues of Christian History! Get the best from CT editors, delivered straight to your inbox! From Issue: Issue Eastern Orthodoxy, Next Article Imperious Mistress? SHARE tweet link email print.

The Orthodox church affirms the historical, physical resurrection of Christ from the dead. Protestants believe that salvation is by grace through faith in Christ alone. Protestants can be Arminian, Calvinist, Baptist, or something else.

Deification does not mean that believers will become exactly like God in his essence. Generally, Protestants believe baptism identifies a person with the death and resurrection of Christ Rom.

It also signifies their inclusion into the church community Acts Protestants do not agree about who children or adults should be baptized and how sprinkling or immersion. Bishops and priests administer baptism, in which subjects are immersed three times, one for each member of the Trinity.

Eastern Orthodoxy teaches that baptism regenerates a person and makes them a member of the true church. The Orthodox church teaches that the bread and cup literally turn into the body and blood of Christ, but it does not attempt to explain exactly how it occurs. Protestants do not have a tradition of using icons to aid their worship or increase their devotion to God. At the time of the Protestant Reformation, some involved in the reform movement participated in destroying icons, believing that they violated the second commandment Exod.

An icon is a physical representation of a holy person or thing. The Holy Spirit is the third person of the Trinity. He is fully divine. The Spirit applies the salvation that the Father planned and that the Son earned for sinners. Holy Spirit: One of the main differences between the churches concerns the provenance of the Holy Spirit, or God's spiritual presence on earth.

It is one of the three parts of the Christian Trinity, the other two being God the Father and his human son, Jesus. The differences over this question were — and still are — one of the primary causes of the schism between the two churches. Celibacy: In the Catholic Church, celibacy — the vow of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations — is obligatory for priests. Most Orthodox Churches have both ordained married priests and celibate monastics, so celibacy is an option.

All of the bishops and patriarchs are normally taken from the ordained monks.. Protestants reject celibacy: 16th-century Reformer Martin Luther refused to accept that virginity was superior to marriage. Festivals: The Orthodox Church observes the Julian calendar, so its followers celebrate religious festivals on different dates to Catholics and Protestants, who use the more recent Gregorian calendar.

Every evening at UTC, DW's editors send out a selection of the day's hard news and quality feature journalism. You can sign up to receive it directly here. Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople may grant Ukraine its own church, and Moscow Patriarch Kirill is not happy about it. The two dignitaries are also rivals locked in a struggle within the Orthodox world. They believe that the Virgin Mary or Mother Mary is the bearer of god and a virgin.

There is a hierarchy in the working of the church: Christ- High Priest , Bishops- Overseers, Priests- presiding ones, Deacons- servants of the church.

Celibacy, the vow of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations, is compulsory for Bishops but optional for priests and deacons. Protestant Christianity is also famously called Protestantism.

Protestantism is a religious movement that took place in the 16th Century reformation. The protestant reformation was started by Martin Luther in , Germany, after he published his books Ninety Five Theses.

The Christian movement was to mark the errors in medieval roman catholic doctrines and practices. They also had opposed certain beliefs and practices in Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. It began in the late medieval ages around the 15th century, and many religious wars took place in Europe in the early 16th century. Later from the 17th to 19th century, it spread all around the world. And now, Protestantism is one of the major forms of Christianity. The divine inspiration of Protestant Christianity is only the Bible.

First off, when we talk about mimesis or diegesis, people usually refer to how the puzzles fit in the game universe. How do the puzzles fit in the theme of the world? How do they fit in the narrative? How do they fit within the logic? A puzzle is diegetic if it fits the theme and reality of its game universe. This relates to how the puzzle looks.

The props and parts of the puzzle fit in the universe of the game and do not look out of place. If a player is in a room where they are exploring ancient Egypt, it would make little sense if they suddenly discovered a laser maze built by ancient Egyptians to hinder tomb robbers. Nor do you see televisions on pirate ships.

Nor handcuffs in school. Yes, you can make almost anything fit depending on the story, but who are we kidding? Escape rooms can barely handle narrative let alone world building. In the escape room industry, a lot of enthusiasts prefer the puzzles in an escape room to be diegetic.

They want a puzzle that makes sense in a room. They want the puzzles to match the theme. A puzzle is mimetic if its existence and its solution reflect the reality of its game universe.

This relates to how closely the puzzle matches reality as we know it. Think of the solve the soup cans trope Imagine you had to get through a door in the kitchen by sorting soup cans on a shelf.

The puzzle is diegetic because soup cans are found in kitchens! It fits the theme and reality of the world. If you had a safe, where would you keep the key? Would you hide it in a secret place? Entrust it to a close friend? Or would you put it in plain view inside a key maze that takes five minutes to remove with the help of another player for added team building benefit?

Again, key mazes exist for entertainment, not for warding off theivery. However, imagine you want to get in a vent that can be opened with screws. And elsewhere you see coins at the bottom of a pipe which can be used to unscrew the vent. Now you have to figure out how to get those coins out.

In this scenario, the puzzles are mimetic because they make sense in the real world. As a designer, I would encourage you to make your puzzles as diegetic as possible. Most film and television stories are mimesis. The audience and the actors are engaged in an elaborate game of pretend—a contract that expects the actors to behave as if they really are the character.

The audience, for their part, is invited to suspend their disbelief, to forget the many layers of artifice and experience the story as if was in some way real. The film or program may help this with powerful, believable acting, a spectacle of special effects and convincing costume. These great efforts are expended because, for the audience to have an emotional experience arising from the mimesis, they need a sense of authenticity. They need to trust and believe that what they are seeing is, after a fashion, a reality.

The phenomenon is even more interesting in theatre. The lights drop, the curtains rise, and once again audience and performers are united in an artistic pact. On the other side of the fourth wall, the audience act as if they were not sitting in a crowd of acquaintances. Instead, they almost behave as if they themselves do not exist. They become part of the play of theatre, the game whereby backdrops and props indicate and create an imaginary world. But Mimesis asks more of its audience than simply to believe in an imaginary world.

Indeed, all narrative invites the listener into an imaginary world. The distinctive feature of mimesis is that the audience experiences the story as playing out in front of them. The imaginary world does not exist at a distance—it is neither long ago nor in a galaxy far away, it is on this screen, this stage, immediate and immanent, for as long as the story takes.

Diegesis, in contrast, is pure narration. It is a story told, rather than acted. Novels provide an obvious example. At no point will the pages bite at my fingers.

I should say that I am only up to page , so maybe there are surprises to come. Obviously as a storyteller I work almost entirely with diegesis.

Genette, for instance, explained in a letter to Gaudreault his view that plays and movies do not narrate their stories as follows: [1] [2]. Genette quoted in Gaudreault [], [3]. Taken literally, this assertion implies that the story already exists on the stage or movie set, and simply has to be shown to the audience either by way of a live performance or an audio-visual recording. As I have mentioned earlier, it does not make sense to assume that the story has any physical existence before and outside the perception and imagination of the spectators.

If by showing we mean to present en bloc something existing independently from the spectators, the term can definitely not be applied to stories. On the level of single actions, objects or characters, the term might be used, but only figuratively if we are dealing with fictional stories. Strictly speaking, theatre performances and films only show what really happens on stage and what really happened in front of the camera.

Actors can imitate the gestures, mimicry and speech of other persons. In a metaphorical sense, we might say that they imitate fictional characters. But how can a play or film imitate a story? Interestingly enough, speaking of the filmic mode of presentation, Genette not only claims that the story already exists on the screen, but even before that on the film set.

This is a right handed bow. So the archer will hold the bow riser with their left hand, and draw back on the bow string with their right hand. Just remember, right handed bows fire from the left, and left handed bows fire from the right.

Some bows can be both right or left handed if they have an ambidextrous riser, I see this more with youth model bows. While other bows are sold as either left or right handed versions of the same model. For example, The bows in my Favorite Compound Bows and Favorite Recurve Bows lists have options for both left or right handed bows of the same model, ambidextrous risers, or will be left or right handed only. Their dominant eye is opposite their dominant hand.

For example, an archer with right eye dominance who is left handed is considered a cross dominant archer. Cross dominant archers have a tough decision to make. Get a bow that compliments their dominant hand, or one that compliments their dominant eye. Either option can work, and the answer is personal preference. Cross dominant archers can either shoot a bow with wrong handedness, or close their dominant eye while shooting. Also, archers are more accurate when their dominant eye is closest to the bow string when aiming at a target.

No, you will not be able to train your other eye to be dominant. Even though you will not likely change your eye dominance, an archer can still be successful shooting with their non dominant eye. They will need to shoot with their dominant eye closed or covered, and train their non dominant eye to be more accurate.

Archers who shoot with both eyes open, or with their dominant eye, tend to be more accurate. A cross dominant archer using a wrong handed bow, will be more accurate than an archer shooting with their non dominant eye. Archery can be used to improve your eyesight, if you still feel like you want to train your non dominant eye rather than using a wrong handed bow, check out my Use Archery To Improve Eyesight article where I show some archery drills that can help improve an archers vision no matter which eye they decide to shoot with.

Yes, a left handed person can shoot a right handed bow. To correctly choose a bow that gives you the correct handedness, you need to examine its composition more closely. For right-handed bows, the arrow rest is found on the left side of the riser.

This is a good way to determine the handedness of recurve bows. Compound bows are designed to be shot only one way — either left or right-handed. They cannot be used interchangeably. Most compound bows have built-in targeting lenses, and you can use these devices to determine the handedness of a compound bow.

While this may be technically possible for some bows, it is rarely recommended. Most bows, whether they are recurve bows or compound bows, are designed with a specific handedness in mind.

If it is deemed to be possible, this usually means that the arrow rest must be switched over to the opposite side, and the bowstring must be restrung into a different alignment to suit the new characteristics of the bow. It may even be cheaper to completely sell the left-handed bow and buy a separate one that is suited for a right-handed shooter.

Left-handed bows have a couple of visual cues that can notify you that they are suitable for left-handed shooters. Left-handed bows are much harder to find than right-handed bows because of their low sale value. By closely inspecting the design of a compound or recurve bow, you can determine if it is a left-handed bow. They will be on the left-hand side for a right-handed bow, or the right-hand side on a left-handed bow.

Taylor embarked on a professional writing career in and frequently writes about technology, science, business, finance, martial arts and the great outdoors. He received a Master of Science degree in wildlife biology from Clemson University and a Bachelor of Arts in biological sciences at College of Charleston. He also holds minors in statistics, physics and visual arts. A heavier draw weight translates to faster arrow speeds, decreased drop over distance, and deeper arrow penetration. So the more weight an archer can draw, the more accurate and effective their shooting will be.

Also referred to as your master eye or power eye, your dominant eye plays a key role in archery. You want your dominant eye to be in line with your bowstring and arrow shaft when you are aiming at a target.

Parallax refers to a common optical illusion that makes objects seem to shift when viewed along different lines of sight. One example of parallax occurs when we are riding in our car. As we drive, the objects up close, like road signs and telephone poles, seem to zip past us at high speed. However, the trees and buildings in the distance look like they are moving more slowly.

The furthest objects may not look like they are moving at all. This is because objects that are closer to us have a larger parallax than those viewed from a greater distance. Eye dominance plays a major role in parallax. Just like our dominant hand tends to be stronger than the other, our dominant eye is also stronger than our non-dominant eye. Because it is stronger, our dominant eye works a little bit harder than the other one.

Although your finger will look like it shifts each time you switch eyes, the amount it appears to shift will be different for each eye. When viewed with your dominant eye, your finger should still cover most of the object. However, when your non-dominant eye is open, your finger will shift significantly, and may not even cover the distant object at all. If this seems confusing, here is a video that uses another parallax exercise to determine eye dominance.

This is why it is crucial for archers to understand which of their eyes is dominant. If your finger does not appear to shift from left to right when you alternate eyes, you may be part of a small minority that does not have a dominant eye. This means you are ambi-ocular and your brain receives and processes information from both your right and left eyes equally. As an archer, this means you should be able to aim effectively with either eye.

Whether you use your bow to shoot targets or big game, eye dominance is important. While we use both eyes to see, most of us have one that is at least a little stronger than the other.

The stronger eye is the one you want to use to focus on your target. If you are lucky and most people are , your dominant eye will be on the same side of your body as your dominant hand. The problem comes when you have a condition often referred to as cross dominance. Cross dominance means your dominant eye does not correlate to your dominant hand.

In other words, they are on opposite sides of your body. While cross dominance is sometimes considered an advantage in sports like baseball and golf, it can be a huge hindrance for archers. Lining up your dominant eye with the arrow shaft is the best way to shoot accurately. The answer to that question is easy if you are also right-handed.

Next, consider the coloring and shape of the door. You may not realize it, but these are additional features you can use to create a one of a kind door for your home. The best way to get incredible results is to customize your knotty alder and pine doors.

Choose every detail that works for your home. And, let them stand out. Those who want a highly durable floor can turn to Santos mahogany, which is much stronger than oak and often is used to make furniture.

When looking through a home builder's design center or a wood flooring company's samples, buyers should ask how the wood performs in high traffic areas. When examining various types of wood, also remember that there are different variations for woods such as oak, cherry and maple.

If a salesperson talks about the "oak" floors, ask whether they are white or red oak. White oak has lighter tones than red oak, which can show some red or pink tint. Both are considered hardwoods, although white oak is a little harder than red oak.

Both types of oak have open graining, but red oak has a slightly coarser and more porous grain than white oak. While black cherry is very soft, Brazilian cherry is harder than oak and maple.

It has more color variation than American cherry and typically includes red, brown and some dark orange tones. Brazilian cherry can be costly, however, making it impractical for use in large areas. My sister's home is her empty nest home and she is only 6 years older than me, so I am thinking I am getting too old for this: I keep debating on whether or not to ask for a nail gun for mother's day. If you don't have a nail gun yet, get one. My husband and I have been rehabbing a house for the past year, and my nail gun is the best tool we have ever purchased.

It has made applying trim and knotty pine paneling a breeze and so much more fun! Indem Sie weiterhin auf der Website surfen bzw. Mehr erfahren. Ultimate Lighting Sale. Bathroom Vanity Sale. Bestselling Chandeliers and Pendants. Sign In. Join as a Pro. Houzz TV. Houzz Research. Shop Featured Holiday Categories. Home Decor. Holiday Decor. Christmas Trees. Holiday Lighting. Gift Cards. Design Dilemma.

Email Save Comment Featured Answer. Like 3 Save. Sort by: Oldest. Newest Oldest. Are you against painted altogether? Like Save. Like 1 Save. You mention baseboards and doors, but what trim are you using around the doors? Which is harder birch or alder? Alder wood is a hard wood, less dense than oak or maple, but still very durable. If you aren't familiar with alder, then you may be familiar with birch wood.

Alder is grown on the west coast, and birch is grown in the east, but they are both from the same birch family. Is Alder a good wood? Alder has an excellent reputation for machining and is also a desirable wood for turning. Alder can be nailed without splitting or screwed without pre-drilling. It glues well and can be sanded to a smooth finish. Alder is evenly textured, with a subdued grain pattern, and has a moderate weight and hardness.

Is alder wood good for staining? Alder is a medium-density hardwood that is often used with furniture, trim, doors and finer finishing. It can be stained to resemble most popular wood finishes, but it is a notoriously difficult wood to stain, as it often results in uneven coloring without proper preparation. Where does knotty alder wood come from? Knotty Alder wood comes from a relatively small tree grown here in North America that gets to be about 50 feet tall with a trunk diameter of 15 inches.

What is the cheapest cabinet wood?

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You can read FutureLearn's Cookie policy here. Content was interesting but not good enough for the course, i would love to learn different methods in order to find food frauds in products. Hope to learn more from here.

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Learn more about this course. This article compares the two approaches. Share this post. In one method, called the dispersive method, individual wavelengths which are produced by shining a broadband source on a diffraction grating or a prism are impingent on a material and absorption at each wavelength is measured. Near Infra-red diffuse reflectance method utilizes this technique.

In the second method, the full beam of the broad-band source shines on the input of an interferometer where the sample whose absorption is to be measured is placed in one arm. The interferometer consists of a stationary mirror and a moving mirror and the scanning is done through the movement of the moving mirror. An interference pattern is hence recorded whose Fourier transform regenerates the spectral signal.

The same measurement is done without the presence of the absorption material in one arm and by dividing the former by the latter, an absorption spectrum for the material is generated. Figure 2 shows the interferometer for a FT-IR method:. Figure 3: ATR method. In this method a crystal of high refractive index is in contact with the sample surface.

An infrared beam undergoes total internal reflection and generates an evanescent wave which penetrates into the material through depth of few microns.

Each bounce produces some absorption of the beam and after several bounces, the IR beam reaches a detector. Since the absorption is strong, this technique has the advantage of probing several locations of the sample surface. One can see that this method is effective to probe only a thin layer on the surface of a material and if the bulk of the material needs to be probed, this method will fail.

NIR is the choice for this seedy, watery material because the nir beam can penetrate through the material and bounce several times before reaching the detector. The technique of trans-reflectance is shown in Figure 4. After undergoing multiple reflection through the volume of the sample, the beam finally finds it way to the detector and hence absorption spectra represent the bulk of the sample rather than just the touch of the surface as was done with ATR sampling technique used for FTIR.

The trans-reflectance method has the disadvantage that the source should be separate from the detector and can not be embedded within the spectrometer. It is a striking difference in the dependence of the quality vs. This result may be explained based on direct comparison of the molecular motions corresponding to the vibrations being influential for the IR and NIR regions. Vibrations involving out-of-plane atomic motions strongly affect the IR region of melamine.

Therefore, it is essential to incorporate a proper description of the inter-plane interactions of melamine molecules as they appear in the crystalline lattice. The neglecting of the neighboring molecules in proximity planes leads to a completely incorrect calculated IR spectrum. In contrast, the in-plane vibrations of melamine are less affected by inter-molecular interactions. The vibrations involving in-plane atomic displacements are the most essential for the NIR spectrum of melamine. On the other hand, the out-of-plane motions are either suppressed in intensity or they are located outside of the NIR region.

Hence, the calculated NIR spectrum of melamine is not significantly affected by a radical simplification of the molecular model. Even a single molecule model provides accurate reproduction of NIR spectrum of crystalline melamine. It may be concluded that the long-range ordering and, in particular, inter-plane interactions in the crystal lattice of melamine are significantly less important factors for NIR modes than for IR modes. From this observation, another important conclusion may be drawn.

Due to the very significant computational cost of anharmonic calculations, the possibility to reduce the complexity of the molecular model i. Our findings shed light on the spectral features of melamine that have been reported in analytical spectroscopic studies of melamine as contaminant. In particular, the concluded in literature superiority of NIR spectroscopy in the analysis of the samples with relatively higher content of melamine was explained.

Table S1: Projection of normal coordinates of melamine onto natural internal coordinates. Conceptualization, K.

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. Sample Availability: Sample of the compound melamine is available from the authors.

National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Molecules v. Published online Apr Justyna Grabska , 1 Krzysztof B. Kirchler , 1 Yukihiro Ozaki , 3 and Christian W. Huck 1. Find articles by Justyna Grabska. Krzysztof B. Christian G.

Find articles by Christian G. Christian W. Find articles by Christian W. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Mar 14; Accepted Apr 7. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Associated Data Supplementary Materials moleculess Abstract Melamine IUPAC: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine attracts high attention in analytical vibrational spectroscopy due to its misuse as a food adulterant.

Results and Discussion 2. Experimental and Simulated IR Spectra of Crystalline Melamine The simulation of the IR spectrum of melamine in polycrystalline state requires a proper representation of the long-range ordered structure Figure 1. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Non-Scaled Calc. Figure 4. Figure 5. New Insights on the Quantitative Analytical Spectroscopy of Melamine Melamine is known food adulterant, and for this reason, it has been frequently focused on analytical IR and NIR spectroscopy [ 9 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].

Materials and Methods 3. Quantum Mechanical Calculations 3. IR spectrum Calculation in 3D Periodic Approximation The simulation of IR spectra of crystalline melamine was based on harmonic analysis that was executed in three-dimensional periodic representation of crystal structure in Crystal 09 software Aethia Srl, Italy [ 59 ].

Conclusions Quantum mechanical calculations of IR spectra of crystalline melamine were successfully carried out for an infinite 3D periodic lattice model.

Click here for additional data file. Author Contributions Conceptualization, K. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Footnotes Sample Availability: Sample of the compound melamine is available from the authors. References 1. Deim H. Amino Resins.

Ogawa A. Effect of a melamine resin admixture on the properties of concrete. Tokyo ; 11 — Ashford R. Wavelength Publications Ltd. Zhong Y. Hauck R. Nitrification of triazine nitrogen. Fertilizer Nitrogen Sources. Chow C. Lawyers Warned to Shun Milk Suits. Archived from the original on 6 February Pei X.

The China melamine milk scandal and its implications for food safety regulation. Food Policy. Cantor S. Analytical methods for the evaluation of melamine contamination. Henn R. Comparison of sensitivity to artificial spectral errors and multivariate LOD in NIR spectroscopy—Determining the performance of miniaturizations on melamine in milk powder.

De Benedictis L. New approach to optimise near-infrared spectra with design of experiments and determination of milk compounds as influence factors for changing milk over time. Food Chem. Charlebois S.

An exploratory study for measuring consumer perception towards mislabelled food products and influence on self-authentication intentions. Trends Food Sci. Ozaki Y. Chapter: 18 Trends in Food Authentication. In: Sun D. Modern Techniques for Food Authentication. Marini F. Chemometrics in Food Chemistry. Volume 28 Elsevier; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Near infrared spectroscopy and its applications.

In: Gupta V. Molecular and Laser Spectroscopy. Elsevier; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Huck C. Ciurczak E. Chalmers J. Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy. Herberholz L. Quantitative analysis by a portable near infrared spectrometer: Can it replace laboratory instrumentation for in situ analysis?

NIR News. Evaluation of benchtop versus portable near-infrared spectroscopic method combined with multivariate approaches for the fast and simultaneous quantitative analysis of main sugars in syrup formulations.

Food Contr. SCiO—Pocket molecular sensor. Saranwong S. Development of a low-cost NIR instrument for minced meat analysis: Part 1—Spectrophotometer and sample presentations.

Near-infrared NIR spectroscopy in natural product research. In: Hostettman K. Siesler H. Near-Infrared Spectra, Interpretation. In: Lindon J.

Weyer L. Spectra-structure correlations in the near-infrared. In: Chalmers J. Volume 3 Wiley; Chichester, UK: Influence of non-fundamental modes on mid-infrared spectra of aliphatic ethers. A fully anharmonic DFT study. Optical constants of liquid pyrrole in the infrared. Vibrational analysis of liquid n -butylmethylether.

Vibrational analysis of neat liquid tert -butylmethylether. Advances in anharmonic methods and their applications to vibrational spectroscopies. Frontiers of Quantum Chemistry. Springer; Singapore: Quantum mechanical simulation of NIR spectra.

In: Ozaki Y.

There's another meaning for "4G. The iPhone 4 is, as the name would suggest, the 4th iPhone model, making it the 4th generation iPhone. But being a 4th generation phone is not the same thing as being a 4G phone. Just like previous iPhone models, the iPhone 4 is not compatible with 4G networks. The iPhone 4S can download data faster — up This isn't 4G speed, but some cell phone companies may promote the iPhone 4S as being a 4G phone or close to a 4G phone. Technically, this isn't true. As mentioned above, being a 4G phone requires compatibility with a specific type of phone network and specific hardware on the phone.

The iPhone 4S doesn't have this. The phone companies that sell the iPhone in the U. Here's where things get easy: The iPhone 5 and all subsequent iPhone models are 4G phones. That's because they all support 4G LTE networks. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data.

Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. New 5-core GPU. New core Neural Engine. Fastest chip ever in a smartphone.

New 4-core GPU. Faster than the competition. A14 Bionic chip. A13 Bionic chip. A12 Bionic chip. A11 Bionic chip. A10 Fusion chip. A9 chip. A8 chip. Up to 22 hours video playback 3. Up to 28 hours video playback 3. Up to 17 hours video playback 3. Up to 19 hours video playback 3.

Up to 20 hours video playback 3. Up to 15 hours video playback 3. Up to 18 hours video playback 3. Up to 13 hours video playback 3. Up to 14 hours video playback 3. Up to 16 hours video playback 3.

Up to 11 hours video playback 3. Face ID. Touch ID. Ceramic Shield front. Surgical-grade stainless steel. Aerospace-grade aluminum. Glass front and back. Water Resistance. Water resistant to a depth of 6 meters for up to 30 minutes 4. Water resistant to a depth of 4 meters for up to 30 minutes 4. Water resistant to a depth of 2 meters for up to 30 minutes 4. Water resistant to a depth of 1 meter for up to 30 minutes 4. Compatible with MagSafe accessories and wireless chargers. Capacity 5. Super Retina XDR display.

Liquid Retina HD display. Super Retina HD display. ProMotion technology with adaptive refresh rates up to Hz. HDR display. True Tone display. Wide color display P3. Full sRGB standard. Haptic Touch. Size and Weight 6.

Splash, Water, and Dust Resistant 4. Single 12MP Wide camera Wide. Dual 12MP cameras Telephoto and Wide. Dual 12MP cameras Telophoto and Wide. Single 8MP Wide camera. Single 12MP Wide camera. Night mode. Deep Fusion. Apple ProRAW. Sensor-shift optical image stabilization. Dual optical image stabilization.

Optical image stabilization. Digital zoom up to 15x. Digital zoom up to 5x. Digital zoom up to 10x. Digital zoom up to 12x. True Tone flash with Slow Sync. True Tone flash.

Night mode portraits. Portrait mode with advanced bokeh and Depth Control. Portrait mode. Portrait Lighting with three effects Natural, Studio, Contour. Smart HDR 4 for photos. Smart HDR 3 for photos.

Next-generation Smart HDR for photos. Smart HDR for photos. Auto HDR for photos. HDR for photos. Photographic Styles. Video Recording. Cinematic mode for recording videos with shallow depth of field p at 30 fps. ProRes video recording up to 4K at 30 fps p at 30 fps for GB storage. Sensor-shift optical image stabilization for video.

Optical image stabilization for video. Digital zoom up to 9x. Digital zoom up to 3x. Digital zoom up to 6x. Digital zoom up to 7x.

Audio zoom. QuickTake video. Slo-mo video support for p at fps or fps. Slo-mo video support for p at fps and p at fps. Slo-mo video at fps or fps. Night mode Time-lapse. Time-lapse video with stabilization. Stereo recording. Front Camera. TrueDepth camera. Depending on the model, your iPhone will have a slightly different pattern of antenna breaks, or small notches in the iPhone's silver side band.

The iPhone 4 GSM has three antenna "breaks" in the metal band one on the top and one on each side toward the bottom. Method 2. Connect your iPhone to your computer. In order to use software to identify your iPhone, you must first connect it to your computer. Make sure your iPhone is connected properly, using the cable that was included at the time of purchase.

Download and install Everyi. This is a much easier way to identify the iPhone model you have, as long as the phone turns on properly. Find the "Model" number in order to use the app.

In order to utilize the model finding apps, you need to find this specific number and input it. Apple refers to the order number as "Model" in software. Use this model number in the app in order to find your iPhone's model. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Submit a Tip All tip submissions are carefully reviewed before being published. Related wikiHows How to.

How to. Co-authors: 3. Updated: February 5,